In the U.S. South, when snow is in the forecast, something predictable happens: stores close; schools shut down; offices cancel operations; roads become difficult to navigate. Suddenly, simple errands require planning and effort. That’s friction. Poor course design often promotes exactly that.
Friction in Learning Design
When learners enter a course and have to:
- Search for where to begin
- Guess what the next step is
- Click through broken or outdated links
- Interpret vague instructions
- Troubleshoot technical issues unrelated to the content
Their mental energy shifts away from learning. Our brains have limited working memory. When that capacity is spent on figuring out how to move through the course, there is less energy available for understanding and retention.
Instructional Design as Friction Reduction
Well-designed learning experiences remove unnecessary obstacles so learners can focus on the learning goals. In my design process, I prioritize clarity and breaking down complex concepts into simple explanations. Some friction-reduction practices I consistently implement include:
1. A Clear “Start Here” Path
Every course should answer immediately ‘Where do I begin?’ Ambiguity at the entry point increases hesitation and decreases confidence.
2. Consistent Structure and Labeling
Predictable layouts reduce cognitive strain. When headings, buttons, and navigation patterns remain consistent, learners spend less time decoding structure and more time engaging with content.
3. Streamlined Navigation
Fewer clicks. Clear buttons. Logical flow. If learners have to guess where to go next, the design has failed — not the learner.
4. Thorough QA and Link Testing
Broken links and technical errors immediately undermine credibility. Before launch, I conduct detailed quality assurance checks to ensure functionality supports — not disrupts — learning.
Cognitive Load Should Support Learning, Not Compete With It
Reducing friction is not about oversimplifying content. It’s about ensuring that effort is spent on:
- Understanding concepts
- Practicing skills
- Applying knowledge
Not on deciphering navigation. When course design removes obstacles, learners can move forward with confidence — even when the content itself is challenging.
